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The Gender Pay Gap within the European Union
Ederová, Michaela ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
The thesis describes the gender pay gap and evaluates it from the view of the European Union and the Member States. It focuses on the measures and instruments that have been developed to tackle the causes of the gender pay gap. The definition of the pay gap is given and the gender and gender roles are described. The gender pay gap as a systematic underpayment of women is measured using adjusted and unadjusted data. The thesis concerns with primary causes of the gender pay gap, such as the horizontal and vertical segregation, differences in human capital, or discrimination. It deals with the gender pay gap at the level of the European Union and at the level of the individual Members States. The role of the European Union is described and assessed as well as its legislative and non-legislative instruments. The focus is on the proactive measures that contribute to solving the primary causes of the gender pay gap. The positive action measures and family-friendly measures are presented.
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Gender structure in the labour market
SEJRKOVÁ, Eliška
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to introduce gender structure in the labour market in the context of the Czech republic. This thesis focuses on defying the concept of gender segregation in the labour market in historical context, describes the problems of so called 'gender pay gap' and gender inequality in the labour market ("male market" and "female market"). Separately there are subjects of education from the gender perspective and horizontal segregation of the labour market based on concentration men and women in particular sector. The tesis analyses particurarly statistic data of the labour market from Czech statistic bureau collection of primary data and is based on existing sociological surveys in the sphere of gender segregation in the labour market.
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The Gender Pay Gap within the European Union
Ederová, Michaela ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
The thesis describes the gender pay gap and evaluates it from the view of the European Union and the Member States. It focuses on the measures and instruments that have been developed to tackle the causes of the gender pay gap. The definition of the pay gap is given and the gender and gender roles are described. The gender pay gap as a systematic underpayment of women is measured using adjusted and unadjusted data. The thesis concerns with primary causes of the gender pay gap, such as the horizontal and vertical segregation, differences in human capital, or discrimination. It deals with the gender pay gap at the level of the European Union and at the level of the individual Members States. The role of the European Union is described and assessed as well as its legislative and non-legislative instruments. The focus is on the proactive measures that contribute to solving the primary causes of the gender pay gap. The positive action measures and family-friendly measures are presented.
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We can do it! Labor force participation of women in USA during Great Depression and World War II
Habětínková, Barbora ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
My final thesis deals with women's employment in USA and its changes during two historical moments of the World War II and Great Depression. Because of the continuous changes in this area an analysis of historical trends is a valuable source of information for understanding these changes. For a correct understanding of the influence of chosen historical periods the beginning of the thesis deals with an analysis of the situation before these periods. In the main part one chapter deals with the period of Great Depression, when women faced the pressure of the society to leave the labor market and leave the jobs to men, as to a main breadwinners. Next chapter describes trends during the World War II, when women work was promoted and the pressure was in the opposite direction. The last chapter analyzes a situation after the war and an impact of the World War II in both the short and long term. Special attention is given to two groups of women, married and Afro-American. These groups were influenced in given periods in a specific way. The reason why is mostly social norms within married women and disadvantages position of the Afro-American women in a labor market within this group. Aim of the thesis is not only description of the trends but also deeper analysis of governmental approaches, economical factors and social norms and it's interdependence and causality. From the trends we can see that changes in women's employment were strongly influenced by economic situation of the country and that social norms were able to adapt to these economic circumstances in a short term. In long term they were constant.
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The Issue of Gender Pay Gap in countries of European Union and the Czech Republic
BENDLOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor work deals with problem of Gender Pay Gap which represents the average difference between earnings of men and women. It is said that women are discriminated in their wages because they are paid by 17% less than men (in Czech Republic women are paid 25 % less than their male colleagues). First part of this work includes historical female participation in labour market and their right to education. Next chapter describes the present situation of gender ineguality and various types of female discrimination. The main part of this work explains the main reasons of Gender Pay Gap such as horizontal segregation and vertical segregation. One of the last chapters focuses on tools to eliminate inequality in wages through legislation of the European Union. The end of this work compares efforts of equal opportunities between members of European Union and Czech Republic. In northern states such as Sweden and Norway, there many positive laws were done and there is a chance to eliminate the pay gap in the Czech Republic too.
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Discrimination on labour market, gender wage gap
Androvičová, Adela ; Macáková, Libuše (advisor) ; Nečadová, Marta (referee)
The issue of gender equality as a part of more general problem of equal opportunities has become a horizontal problem of the European Union. Despite the general interest and different actions, the inequality between men and women on labour market is still strong. In the present work we study gender inequalities on the labour market in the Czech republic and Slovak republic in the context of situation on the labour market in the European Union. We study the main indicators of gender inequalities on labour market: employment and unemployment rate of men and women. The next important indicator is a gender pay gap, which is related to horizontal gender segregation of labour market according to sectors of national economy and vertical segregation, which we will study on the example of managerial functions. We show that there are significant gender inequalities on the labour market in the Czech republic and Slovak republic and for majority of indicators these two countries are behind the average of the European Union.
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